FS-ST16 user manual

Pay close attention to the following symbols and their meanings. Failure to follow these warnings could cause damage, injury or death.

Prohibited:

Mandatory:

Installing the 18650 battery

1. Open the battery compartment cover as shown.
2. Insert 2 batteries into the compartment. Make sure that the batteries are set according to the polarities marked on the battery compartment.
3. Close the battery compartment cover.

Installing the LiPo battery

The transmitter supports LiPo batteries which are equipped with either a JST connector or a balanced charging connector on the battery wiring. Follow the steps below to install the LiPo batteries:

1. Open the battery compartment cover.
2. Use a Phillips screwdriver to remove the two screws that secure the 18650 battery holder, and then remove the battery holder.
3. Insert 2S LiPo batteries into the compartment.
4. Plug the battery wiring of the LiPo battery into the JST port or balanced charging port accordingly.
5. Close the battery cover; pay attention to avoid pinching the battery wiring.

Notes:

1. Only the balanced charging port can be used for charging.
2. Once the transmitter has the battery installed, you can use a USB Type-C cable to connect to the transmitter's USB Type-C port for power supply.
3. Only the balanced charging port supports power supply to the external RF module.

Adjust the antenna

Pull out the transmitter antenna and rotate it to the appropriate position, as different antenna positions will receive varying signal strengths. Based on the relative position of the transmitter and the model, adjust the direction of the transmitter's external antenna and align the antenna identifier towards the model to ensure the best signal quality between the transmitter and the model.

The suggested antenna angles for operating a model with the transmitter are shown in the figures below.

Follow the steps below to turn on the transmitter:

1. Check to make sure that the batteries are fully charged and installed correctly.
2. Long press the power switch, and follow the prompts on the screen to successfully power on.

• If the built-in RF module is not detected or needs to be updated, the system will prompt a pop-up window. Please follow the instructions in the pop-up window to proceed.
• Whether the switch is in the safe position (if the control background is highlighted in red, it indicates that the position needs adjustment). Please check the position of the control according to the prompts and follow the prompts to adjust it to the correct position.
• The system will pop up a window prompting whether the failsafe is set for the current model. To turn off the failsafe prompt, select No or turn off the Failsafe Prompt through System.
• If the system is powered on using the USB Type-C port without a battery installed, a pop-up window will appear: "Please use after installing the battery!"

The transmitter and the receiver have been pre-bound before delivery. If you need to use other receivers, follow the steps below to bind the transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter supports both ANT 2 Way and ANT 1 Way binding, and ANT 2 Way binding is the default setting. The transmitter will display the information returned by the receiver after the ANT 2 Way binding is completed. Before binding, it is necessary to set RF System, RF Standard, Output Mode, and Frequency according to the actual application scenario.

• [RF System]: Two modes are available: Routine and Fast. In Routine mode, it presents strong anti-interference performance against other devices, while Fast mode provides better coexistence with lower latency and power consumption.
• [RF Standard]: To select the RF protocol, either ANT 2 Way or ANT 1 Way.
• [Output Mode]: Two combined output options are available, including four output modes, namely PWM/S.BUS, PPM/i-BUS, PWM/i-BUS and PPM/S.BUS. Choose according to your needs. Using the FS-ST16 transmitter and FS-SR8 receiver for binding as an example: when the [Output Mode] is set to PWM/S.BUS, connectors such as CH1 output PWM signals, and the SERVO connector outputs S.BUS signals. When set to PPM/i-BUS, the CH1 connector outputs PPM signals, other channel connectors have no output, and the SERVO connector outputs i-BUS signals. When set to PWM/i-BUS, connectors such as CH1 output PWM signals, and the SERVO connector outputs i-BUS signals. When set to PPM/S.BUS, the CH1 connector outputs PPM signals, other channel connectors have no output, and the SERVO connector outputs S.BUS signals. Note: Regardless of which type the receiver's [Output Mode] is set to, the SENS connector will output the i-BUS-in signal.
• [Frequency]: Set the frequency of the channels. Options include Digital Servo, Analog Servo, and Other.

After the above settings, complete the ANT 2 Way binding following the steps below:

1. Select Start, and short press the scroll wheel; the transmitter will enter the binding state.
2. Press and hold the BIND button of the receiver while powering on the receiver; the LED of the receiver should be flashing, indicating that the receiver is in bind mode. For other binding ways, please refer to the FS-SR8 receiver manual.
3. When the receiver LED is solid on, it indicates successful binding.
4. Check whether the transmitter and receiver are operating properly. For re-binding, please repeat the above steps.

Note: If the transmitter that has its RF standard set to ANT 1 Way enters bind mode, put the transmitter out of the binding state when the status of the receiver LED changes to slow flash; at the same time, the receiver LED is solid on, indicating that the binding is completed.

The transmitter LED includes the power indicator (located at the power button), the main ambient lights (located around the gimbal assemblies) and the secondary ambient lights (located at the shortcut buttons 1–6). The transmitter LED can be adjusted for color and brightness according to different scenarios and personal preferences. The specific reference for the transmitter LED is 14.1.9 Main light.

Use this function to correct the mechanical deviation of the controls (left/right stick, VRA and VRB knobs, VRC and VRD self-centering dials), for example deviation in the self-centering or maximum/minimum travel. By default, the calibration is finished. If you need to calibrate again, follow the steps below:

1. Go to Home > Main Menu > RX Menu, and select Stick Cal, then short press the scroll wheel, select Yes on the pop-up interface, then short press the scroll wheel to enter the function interface.
2. Move the controls to their center positions according to the prompt, and short press the scroll wheel.
3. Move the controls to their max/min travels, and short press the wheel; the calibration interface is exited, indicating the calibration is successful. If the calibration fails, the system will pop up a prompt interface; scroll the wheel to select No and short press the scroll wheel to recalibrate, otherwise cancel the calibration.

Follow the steps below to turn off the transmitter:

1. Turn off the receiver first.
2. Press and hold the power switch until the screen turns off, indicating that the transmitter is powered off.

Used to display the real-time status of channels and to test servos.

Used to set up functions related to the model.

To reverse the output direction of each channel.

This function can be used to correct the direction of the servo action which is opposite to the intended operation, due to different servo types or servo installation methods. Servo directions can be set for 16 channels.

• [NOR]: Indicates that the channel output is the default direction.
• [Reverse]: Indicates that the channel's direction has been reversed.

Notes:

1. If a new model is connected, make sure the corresponding channel of the servo is correct.
2. Move the controls related to the channels to make sure that the direction of each channel is correct.

1. Select [Reverse] to enter the function interface.
2. Scroll the wheel to select the channel you want to set, and short press the scroll wheel to switch between [NOR] and [Reverse].

Adjust the travel range of the servo output, which is used during the model debugging process. This function allows you to set the high and low endpoints for each channel, as well as the neutral position value.

This function can be used to solve the problem of angle difference between the servo and model structure when the servo is installed, or due to the structural inherent clearance of the servo. When you set the subtrim, toggle the trim to the neutral position first.

The Servo Rote adjustment range is 0%–150%, the default is 100%, the step is 1%. The Sub Trim adjustment range is −120%–120%, the default is 0%, the step is 1%.

1. Select [Servo Rote] to enter the function interface.
2. Scroll the wheel to select the channel you wish to configure, and then choose the function item you want to set.
3. Scroll the wheel to set the appropriate endpoints and neutral position value, then short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

This feature allows you to set the output speed of the channel. The easing time of start and centering can be set separately, that is, the easing time can be changed by different start and centering speeds.

You can use this function if you want to simulate the movement of a real aircraft or make up for the mechanical virtual position of the servo. After setting the easing time, all the volumes output from this channel execute the easing. The minimum delay is 0.0 s, and the maximum delay is 10.0 s. The adjustment step is 0.01 s.

1. Select [Delay Set] to enter the function interface.
2. After scrolling the wheel to select the channel you want to set, enter the setup interface.
3. Select the appropriate type as needed, then set In time and Out time; short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

Assign functions, controls and trim buttons to all channels. By default, the functions are assigned by model type after a new model is created. You can set the function here if you want to assign according to your habits.

You can view the trim values of TR1 to TR4 and VRA to VRB in this preview interface. For TR1 to TR4, you can set the appropriate step value and the current condition/all conditions. For VRA to VRB, you can set the current condition/all conditions.

During use, a model's control surfaces may deflect in some situations, such as a centre-of-gravity shift or anti-torque force produced by aerodynamics. You can use this function to correct it during flight to keep a stable state. Please re-adjust the model in case the overall excessive offset of the model cannot be corrected by the trim function.

The adjustment range of the trim value is −100%–100%, the default step is 5%.

1. Select [Trim] to enter the function setting interface.
2. Scroll the wheel to select the corresponding trim control. If you select a TR control, you can adjust the step value as needed.
3. Select [Condition], short press the scroll wheel to switch between [Current] and [All] mode.
4. Adjust the trim value by operating the corresponding trim control.

You can set up four types of timers: [Timer1], [Timer2], [Engine Timer] and [Model Timer]. They are generally used to calculate the total model running time, the time spent in specific competitions or the transmitter running time, etc.

The FS-ST16 transmitter supports two function modes: Trainer and Student. The transmitter set to trainer mode receives the external signal to control the model, namely the trainer port has the ability to recognize external PPM signal input. The transmitter set to student mode only outputs the PPM signal. Two transmitters (one in trainer mode and the other in student mode) can be connected through the trainer cable.

Notes:

1. When connecting two transmitters with a trainer cable, please make sure that the trainer cable is connected correctly.
2. The transmitter's trainer port can adaptively recognize the input PPM signal. Most devices supporting PPM output can be used as the external input signal source of trainer mode. However, some devices may not support this function. The PPM output of the trainer port can be set to match external devices with special PPM signal recognition requirements.

When the trainer and student transmitters are properly connected, the relationship between the control switch states for the student and trainer and the actual control source is shown in the table below.

The system supports four stick modes. For aircraft models, CH1–4 are mapped by default to "ailerons, elevator, throttle, and rudder" respectively (J1, J2, J3, J4 represent CH3 throttle, CH2 elevator, CH4 rudder, CH1 ailerons). To accommodate different user preferences, the transmitter's stick presets support 4 different layout settings. You can choose between [Mode 1], [Mode 2], [Mode 3], or [Mode 4] to indicate the current selected mode (the system defaults to [Mode 2]). After selection, return and adjust the gimbal assembly according to the chosen mode and operational requirements. Please select the appropriate mode based on your actual needs and follow the steps below.

1. Select [Stick Mode] to enter the function setting interface.
2. Set the corresponding mode as needed; the system displays a pop-up window, selecting [Yes] means the setting is successful.
3. Short press the EXIT button to return.

This function is used to set up whether SWA, SWB, SWC, SWD, SWE and SWF are two-position or three-position switches. If these six switches need to be replaced, you can use this function to set the positions of the new switches.

1. Select [SW Setting] to enter the function setting interface.
2. Select the switch you want to set, and then short press the scroll wheel to toggle between [2 Levels] and [3 Levels].

To set the functions for shortcut buttons 1 to 6, so that pressing the corresponding button will quickly access that function. The serial numbers 1 to 6 represent shortcut buttons 1–6.

Note: Shortcut buttons 1 to 6 are only effective on the Home page.

1. Select [Quick Set] to enter the function setting interface.
2. Select a number to enter the quick function setting interface, scroll the wheel to select the corresponding function item.
3. Short press the EXIT button to return.

Please refer to 6.1 CH Monitor for this function.

You can set different flight modes, with a maximum of 5 flight mode groups. A control can be set to quickly switch between different transmitter settings to ensure that the model's settings are adapted to the current flight conditions. Flight mode 1 is the default mode for the transmitter. Users can delete, create, or copy flight modes as needed, and except for the default mode, a control must be assigned to switch modes. You can also set the default flight mode by adjusting the priority order; when a mode is moved to the top of the interface, it becomes the default flight mode. The current flight mode can be determined through the flight mode icon in the system's top status bar and the interfaces related to flight mode settings.

Notes: Different parameters can be set for multiple functions of this transmitter by switching conditions, to perform control operations in different conditions according to different setting parameters. The details are as follows:

1. For [Func Assign], different assignments of control and trim can be set for different conditions, or the same for all conditions.
2. For [DR setup], the effective condition can be selected (multiple choices). The DR effectiveness of switching in different conditions may be different.
3. Other items related to the condition can be set separately by switching conditions, and the channel operation is executed according to this condition. These setting items are contained in the following function interfaces: [Func. Rate], [CH Offset], [Pro. Mix], [Delay Set], [Thro Curve], [Aileron], [Flap], [NEEDL], [Air Brake], [Spoiler], [Elevator], [Rudder], [Butterfly], [V Tail], [Thro Mix], [Pitch Curve], [Hover Adj], [Gyroscope], [Governor].

You can set servo volume change curves of all sticks, knobs, and switches assigned to the channel. You can switch to different conditions to set different curves respectively. The servo volume change curve for the conditions controlled by DR is set after enabling the DR. Those not supporting the assignment of the master control, such as Flap 2, cannot be set. The allocation of the same function of different channels from any setting entrance into the settings is the same.

Note: When the curve type is set to [EXP2, Line], Rate A refers to the rate on the left side of the neutral, while Rate B refers to the rate on the right side of the neutral. Curve A is the curve on the left side of the neutral, and Curve B is the curve on the right side. Both sides A and B can be adjusted independently. When the curve type is set to [EXP2, SYMM] or [EXP1], the rate and curve items are not divided into A and B sides and are adjusted as a whole.

Set the function, switch and effective condition to enable the DR. The transmitter supports 10 groups of DR. When 2 or more sets of DR are set to the same function and both are turned on, the later one has higher priority.

1. Select [DR] to enter the function setting interface, then select DR1–10 as needed.
2. Select [Func.] to enter the function assigning interface, then select the function item and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
3. Select [Switch] to enter the Switch Allocation interface, scroll the wheel as needed to select the appropriate control or toggle the corresponding control, then short press the scroll wheel to confirm the setting.
4. Select [Ena. mode] to enter the mode setting interface, enable or disable the corresponding mode as needed.
5. Short press the EXIT button to return.

Note: Please refer to 15. Switch Allocation for the switch setting.

This function allows you to adjust the offset value of each channel, and you can set different offset values in different conditions. The offset caused by the model can be corrected using this function. Too much offset will lead to a reduction of the control amount at one end of the channel. If the aircraft structure deviates greatly, please try to adjust the aircraft first.

1. Select a channel you want to adjust to enter.
2. Select [Value], scroll the wheel to set the offset value and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

A new special control combo can be created to correct the disadvantages of the model. You can select a stick/knob or a function as the Master. When selecting a function, you can set whether other mixes associated with the function affect the Slave of the same group and whether the trim affects the Slave. The function can be used to map the servo change of the Master to the Slave channel through a custom curve. You can set a switch to enable/disable the Mix, and set the delay to enable/disable the Mix function. Please note that if the master is set to ease by Set by function in the Servo speed function, the Slave will also follow the Master's easing.

It can be used for a variety of applications: link with other mixes, separate link settings for the master and slave with reversal of the connection direction; trim mode enabled or disabled; and curve mixing rate and mixing delay can be set separately for each group of Mix.

This function allows the throttle control lever to respond to engine speed changes more as expected to achieve the best results in the control of the engine. Different input and output rate factors (up to 11 points) are set through multi-point curves. The throttle curve will operate on the input values of all control levers assigned to the throttle function before the next step (Func. Rate). The multi-engine model throttle curve will operate for all throttle control levers. This setting is for the current condition. For the settings of other conditions, switch to other conditions first and then carry out the settings.

Please refer to 7.6.3 Pro. Mix – Mixing Rate for this function.

A logic switch is a virtual switch consisting of 2 to 4 switches which activates or deactivates according to a mathematical relationship.

If there is any mathematical logic relationship between certain switch controls and the other two switch controls, this function can be used to express this logic and use it as a logic switch in control. The logic switch can be selected in any menu where switches can be assigned.

The system supports setting four groups of logic switches in total. There are three logic definitions between two switches: [AND], [OR], [XOR].

• [AND]: If switch1 and switch2 are active, the logic switch will be on. If either switch1 or switch2 is off, or both are off, the logic switch is off.
• [OR]: If either switch1 or switch2 is active, or both are on, the logic switch will be on. If both are off, the logic switch will be off.
• [XOR]: If either switch1 or switch2 is active, the logic switch will be on, but if switch1 and switch2 are both active or both off, the logic switch will be off.

1. Select a logic switch as desired and enter the setting interface.
2. Select [Switch1] to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the appropriate switch and short press the EXIT button to return.
3. Select [Switch2] to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the appropriate switch and short press the EXIT button to return.
4. Select [Logic], select the logical operation from the dropdown box as needed (for the list, please refer to the table below).
5. Toggle the switches to make sure everything is working as expected.

Notes:

1. The setting of a logic switch makes sense only if it is composed of several other different switches.
2. Please refer to 15. Switch Allocation for the switch setting.

Quickly locking the throttle channel output value at a preset value by one switch can assist in spin landing, or act as a throttle lock switch to lock the throttle position in a safe place during commissioning. This function is not valid when the Thro Cut switch is on. When the throttle hold is on, the mixes of the throttle from other functions are invalid. The throttle function is output after channel operations (Travel, Range, Normal and Reverse and channel delay) with the set hold value. The throttle function's mixes on other functions are also brought into operation using the value.

1. Select the throttle as needed. The multi-engine model allows the separate setting of throttle hold functions for Throttle 1, Throttle 2, Throttle 3, and Throttle 4.
2. Select [Value], scroll the wheel to set the throttle hold value and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
3. Select [Start] to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the appropriate control and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

Note: Please refer to 15. Switch Allocation for the switch setting.

This function can be used to set the throttle idle position, which can prevent the engine from shutting down when the throttle stick is in a lower position. The minimum throttle position is defined by setting the offset value. Once this function is activated, the minimum throttle setting (idle point) will be determined by the offset value shown as a percentage. For safety reasons, this function will work only when the throttle stick is below the lower position (−20%). The idle speed offset values of −100–0–100 correspond to a ratio factor of 80%–100–120%. The throttle control ratio will be multiplied with the ratio factor corresponding to the offset when the idle speed is enabled for the subsequent operation (throttle curve). When Thro Cut is enabled, the throttle hold and this function are not valid.

In multi-engine models, the idle switch is recognized only in the "throttle" control position (below −20%), and throttle, throttle 2, throttle 3 and throttle 4 will be calculated when the idle is enabled.

1. Select [Switch] to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the corresponding control and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
2. Select [Offset], scroll the wheel to set the appropriate offset value and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings. If the offset value is negative, it means the idle speed is rising. When the offset value is maximum, it indicates that the throttle stick is close to the minimum throttle.

Note: Please refer to 15. Switch Allocation for the switch setting.

This function is a special setting for oil-operated engines. The Cut switch, Cut position and Cut Threshold can be set. When the throttle control stick is within the Thro Cut threshold, toggle the Thro Cut switch to turn off the engine. The output value of the throttle function when Thro Cut is in effect is the Thro Cut position value. It will be limited by the channel reverse function and the channel range function, and all other volumes operated to the channel corresponding to this throttle are invalid. However, the other functions of throttle mixing still work.

Multi-engine models can set Thro Cut separately for throttle, throttle 2, throttle 3 and throttle 4.

1. Select the throttle as needed.
2. Select [Cut SW] to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the appropriate switch and short press the EXIT button to return.
3. Select [Cut pos], scroll the wheel to set the appropriate cut position and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
4. Select [Cut ThrE], scroll the wheel to set the appropriate cut threshold and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
5. Toggle the switch to confirm whether it works properly.

Note: Please refer to 15. Switch Allocation for the switch setting.

This section introduces the settings of the aileron and its mix functions.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

Note: Due to the different model structures (for example, different numbers of ailerons and flaps), the corresponding function interface may be different. Usually, up to four ailerons are described as an example.

This section introduces the settings of the rudder and its mix functions.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

Note: Due to the different model structures (for example, different numbers of ailerons and flaps), the corresponding function menu may be different.

This section introduces the settings of the flap and its mix functions.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

Note: Due to the different model structures (for example, different numbers of ailerons and flaps), the corresponding function interface may be different. Usually, up to four ailerons are described as an example.

This section introduces the settings of the elevator and its mix functions.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

Notes:

1. Due to the different model structures (for example, different numbers of ailerons and flaps), the corresponding function menu may be different.
2. The aileron movement mode is not restricted in the mixing linkage of the elevator and aileron.

The spoiler, also called deceleration flap, can achieve fast braking by increasing the aircraft's pressure on the ground when the aircraft is descending. Meanwhile, the use of the spoiler in flight can also achieve the effect of aircraft deceleration. This function can be used to set the upward and downward movements of each spoiler and the linkage between spoiler and elevator. If the spoiler is used during deceleration, the aircraft will tend to dive. If the elevator linkage is set, the flight attitude can be controlled through the compensatory trim of the elevator.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

Notes:

1. Due to the different model structures (for example, different numbers of ailerons), the corresponding function menu may be different. Usually, up to four ailerons are described as an example.
2. If it is a flying wing type aircraft, the elevator setting item is aileron; or, use the flap function to add setting interfaces for the aircraft.

Take the setting of Low as an example: select [Low], set the corresponding rate items for the low end as needed, short press the scroll wheel to save the settings. For the setting of High, please refer to the above steps.

This function realizes deceleration by adjusting the rates of ailerons, flaps, spoilers and elevator, i.e., ailerons are raised and flaps are lowered at the same time. This function is very effective when the model is landing, i.e., reducing the speed of the model; more stall margin is provided at the wingtip, thus less risk of wingtip stall. And more lift is generated at the root of the wing, allowing a lower gliding speed.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

Note: This function is available for multi-flap airplanes.

1. Set the corresponding rate items as needed, short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
2. Select [Control] to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the appropriate switch and short press the EXIT button to return.

Note: Please refer to 15. Switch Allocation for the switch setting.

For the setting of the other functions, please refer to the above steps.

When the model is ready to descend or land, the air brake function can be used to help decelerate. This function is achieved by setting the offset values of ailerons, spoilers and elevators.

The offset values of ailerons, flaps, spoilers and elevators can be set in two sets. Enable/disable the air brake and switch between different offsets by assigning controls.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

Notes:

1. Due to the different model structures (for example, different numbers of ailerons), the corresponding function menu may be different. Usually, up to four ailerons are described as an example.
2. Two brake rates can be realized by setting a three-position switch with two positions corresponding to offset 1 / offset 2 respectively.

This function is used to adjust the rate of the V-shaped tail's 2 tail fins in steering and pitching. The V-shaped tail aircraft performs the rudder and elevator movements via 2 servos. In this system, one of the tail surfaces implements the rudder function and the other performs the elevator function, corresponding to two channels respectively. When the rudder function is implemented, the two control surfaces move in opposite directions. When the elevator function is implemented, the two control surfaces move in the same direction. This interface allows you to set the elevator rate and rudder rate, i.e., the rate of the elevator is for realizing the elevator function and the rate of the rudder is for realizing the rudder function.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

Note: This function is available for models with V Tail.

1. Select [ELEV rate], then set an appropriate value as needed and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
2. Select [Rudd rate], then set an appropriate value as needed and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

The throttle needle function is set for models with a throttle needle. This function is used to set the output rate of the throttle needle master control with a multi-point curve.

For example, if you need to link a throttle to a needle, you can assign the throttle needle to be controlled by the throttle stick, and realize the control of the needle by the throttle stick by setting the curve.

The setting steps of the throttle needle are similar to those of the throttle curve. Refer to the related settings of 7.7 Thro Curve.

Note: To access this feature, you need to go to [Basic Menu] > [Model Set] > [Model Type] > [Optional], and select [NEEDL].

This function allows setting up to 9 output values for channels assigned with attitude functions. The output value of the channel can be switched via the set combo switch.

1. Select [Attitude] to enter the setting interface.
2. Select the function box with "--" to enter the switch assignment interface. Select a switch you want to set or toggle the corresponding control, then short press the scroll wheel to confirm the setting, then short press the EXIT button to return to the previous interface. After these two switches are assigned, the function and its output value are controlled by the combo switch.
3. Select [Status] > [On] to enable the function.
4. Scroll the wheel to select the function item that needs to be renamed. The system will display a rename interface; you can set the appropriate name and then select the check mark to return to the previous interface.
5. If you need to change the rate value, scroll the wheel to select the rate item you want to change and set the appropriate value. After the settings are completed, short press the EXIT button to return.

Notes:

1. The rate value indicates the output in percentage of a channel.
2. Only toggle switches can be assigned.
3. This function is not available for glider models.

Please refer to 7.1 CH Monitor for this function.

Please refer to 7.2 Condition for this function.

Please refer to 7.3 Func. Rate for this function.

Please refer to 7.4 DR for this function.

Please refer to 7.5 CH Offset for this function.

Please refer to 7.6 Pro. Mix for this function.

Please refer to 7.7 Thro Curve for this function.

Please refer to 7.8 Logic SW for this function.

Please refer to 7.10 Idle Up for this function.

Please refer to 7.11 Thro Cut for this function.

Please refer to 7.20 NEEDL for this function.

Please refer to 7.9 Thro Hold for this function.

In the current condition, set the helicopter's ailerons, elevator and rudder to the throttle's mix rate. It is used to coordinate the flight movements of the helicopter in all directions (forward, backward, left and right) to compensate for the effect of swashplate manipulation on the engine when operating ailerons, elevator and rudder.

1. Set the rate item as needed, short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
2. Select [Start] to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the appropriate switch and short press the EXIT button to return.

Note: Please refer to 15. Switch Allocation for the switch setting.

In the current condition, adjust the motion curve of the helicopter's pitch to match the throttle output to achieve the best flight status. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first. Different output rates can be obtained through multi-point linear settings (up to 11 points).

Please refer to 7.6.3 Pro. Mix – Mixing Rate for this function.

In the current condition, to allow the helicopter to hover easily, adjust the rates of Throttle and Pitch. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

1. Set the Throttle or Pitch rate item as needed, short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.
2. Select the Throttle control to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the appropriate knob and short press the EXIT button to return.
3. Select the Pitch control to enter the Switch Allocation interface, then select the appropriate knob and short press the EXIT button to return.

Note: For the control of the function, you can only set a knob.

Set the output value of the gyroscope channel.

The system is preset with two gyroscope modes (you can set the number of gyroscopes via [Basic Menu] > [Model Set] > [Model Type] > [Optional]). You can adjust the gyroscope channel output sensitivity.

The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

1. Select the gyroscope you want to set, and set an appropriate sensitivity value as needed.
2. Select [USE], short press the scroll wheel to switch [Off] or [On].
3. Short press the EXIT button to return.

Set the output value of the Governor channel to adjust the RPM of the helicopter rotor to make the helicopter fly more stably. The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

1. Select [Rate], set the rotor speed value as needed.
2. Short press the EXIT button to return.

Please refer to 7.1 CH Monitor for this function.

Please refer to 7.2 Condition for this function.

Please refer to 7.3 Func. Rate for this function.

Please refer to 7.4 DR for this function.

Please refer to 7.5 CH Offset for this function.

Please refer to 7.6 Pro. Mix for this function.

Please refer to 7.7 Thro Curve for this function.

Please refer to 7.8 Logic SW for this function.

Please refer to 7.21 Attitude for this function.

Please refer to 7.9 Thro Hold for this function.

Please refer to 7.1 CH Monitor for this function.

Please refer to 7.2 Condition for this function.

Please refer to 7.3 Func. Rate for this function.

Please refer to 7.4 DR for this function.

Please refer to 7.5 CH Offset for this function.

Please refer to 7.6 Pro. Mix for this function.

Please refer to 7.7 Thro Curve for this function.

Please refer to 7.8 Logic SW for this function.

This function can be used to set pulse braking, namely the brakes are released periodically when braking is triggered, to prevent skidding, drifting or under-turning due to locked wheels.

Note: This function is available for the Humvees model.

• [Status]: To activate or deactivate the ABS feature, short press the scroll wheel to switch between [On] and [Off].
• [Recovery]: To set the reduction of braking pressure at each pulse between 0% and 100%. The default value is 50%. When the value is set to 60%, the system will reduce the braking pressure by 60% from each pulse in real-time when braking is triggered.
• [Delay]: To set the time from triggering the pulse brake to the actual pulse brake between 0% and 100%. The default value is 0%. The higher the value, the slower the pulse brake function will take effect. When the value is set to 0%, there is no delay, i.e. the pulse brake function takes effect immediately when the brake is triggered. When the value is set to 100%, the delay is 2 s.
• [Cycle]: It is used to set the interval between pulses. The setting range is 20% to 100%. The default value is 50%. The larger the value, the longer the interval time between pulses. The value 100% indicates the interval is 0.5 s.
• [Point]: It is used to set the start position of the pulse brake function. The setting range is 20% to 100%. The default value is 30%. The higher the value, the closer the stick position that triggers the pulse brake function is to the full brake position. 0%–100% is the entire travel movement amount of the throttle control.
• [Duty]: To set the braking–release cycle length in pulse braking between −4 and +4. Default: 0. When the value is changed, the peak and trough lengths of the brake pulse's square wave change accordingly. You can adjust the ratio between braking and release. The rate is 1:1 when the cycle length is set to "0". The rate is 1:2 when the cycle length is set to "1". And the rate is 2:1 when the cycle length is set to "−1".

Taking the [Recovery] setting as an example: select [Recovery], set the appropriate value as needed, and short press the scroll wheel to save the settings. For the setting of the other functions, please refer to the above steps.

When this function is enabled, the control corresponding to the left track can control the changes of the left and right tracks at the same rate to move forward and backward, and the control corresponding to the right track can control the changes of the left and right tracks at the reverse rate to turn left and right. The forward, backward, left and right rates can be set in the function menu.

Note: This function is available for the track model.

1. Select [Status], short press the scroll wheel to switch [On] or [Off].
2. Adjust the percentage values for forward, backward, left turn, and right turn as needed, then briefly press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

Please refer to 7.1 CH Monitor for this function.

Please refer to 7.2 Condition for this function.

Please refer to 7.3 Func. Rate for this function.

Please refer to 7.4 DR for this function.

Please refer to 7.5 CH Offset for this function.

Please refer to 7.6 Pro. Mix for this function.

Please refer to 7.7 Thro Curve for this function.

Please refer to 7.8 Logic SW for this function.

This function is enabled when the ship model has dual engines without rudders. The dual engine mix controls the forward/backward and left/right movement of the ship.

1. Select [Status], short press the scroll wheel to switch [On] or [Off].
2. Adjust the percentage values for forward, backward, left turn, and right turn as needed, then briefly press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

This function is enabled when the ship model has dual engines with two rudders to realize the rudder linkage output. The parameter settings of this function are for the current condition. To set in another condition, you need to switch the condition first.

1. Select the corresponding rate item.
2. Set the high and low rate as needed, and then short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

Please refer to 7.20 NEEDL for this function.

Please refer to 7.1 CH Monitor for this function.

Please refer to 7.2 Condition for this function.

Please refer to 7.3 Func. Rate for this function.

Please refer to 7.4 DR for this function.

Please refer to 7.5 CH Offset for this function.

Please refer to 7.6 Pro. Mix for this function.

Please refer to 7.7 Thro Curve for this function.

Please refer to 7.8 Logic SW for this function.

Please refer to 10.10 Track Mix for this function.

Refer to 4.2 Binding for detailed bind operations.

The failsafe function is used when the receiver loses the radio signal and is out of control. The receiver performs channel output according to the set failsafe value to protect the safety of the model and personnel.

For the i-BUS/PPM/PWM signal it can be set to Not Set, No Output or Have Output.

• [Not Set]: The failsafe has not been set, and there is no output in case of out-of-control.
• [No Output]: There is no output for the i-BUS/PPM/PWM channels.
• [Have Output]: The i-BUS/PPM/PWM channels output the set value. Namely, you can set a value for each channel from 1 to 16. By default, this value is the reading of the current channel output.

1. Go to Home > Main Menu > RX Menu, select Failsafe, then short press the scroll wheel to enter.
2. Set all channels: Select Have output, short press the scroll wheel, and the system will pop up a prompt interface. Adjust the corresponding controls to the desired positions and hold them if needed. Select Yes on the pop-up prompt interface and short press the scroll wheel again; the failsafe setting for all channels is completed.
3. Continue to set an individual channel if needed: Select the channel to be set, short press the scroll wheel. Select the appropriate value or adjust the corresponding control to the desired position and hold it. Short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

Notes:

1. Because the S.BUS signal contains failsafe flag bits, the failsafe information can be transmitted to the subsequent devices by the failsafe flag bits rather than by the No Output state. The subsequent devices respond according to the analysed failsafe flag bits.
2. For PWM/PPM/i-BUS signals without failsafe flag bits, it supports setting the output signal to OFF in case of failsafe, transmitting the failsafe information to the subsequent devices by the No Output state.
3. It is Not Set by default; the receiver will then not output when the RC signal is lost.

This function can display the sensor information received by the receiver on the transmitter. The transmitter and receiver communicate via an ANT 2 Way binding, and all sensors connected to the receiver can find their corresponding information under this function menu.

This function is used to set up the i-BUS expansion module.

The i-BUS function is mainly used for servo expansion. If a cable is too short or the number of servos exceeds the outputs of the receiver, the i-BUS serial bus receiver provides a convenient option for expansion. When using the i-BUS serial bus receiver, make sure that it is powered separately to ensure that the servos have sufficient power. Note that the transmitter and receiver must be bound bidirectionally.

1. The transmitter is in two-way communication with the receiver.
2. Connect the FS-CEV04 to the SERVO connector of the receiver.
3. Select [i-BUS Set] to enter the setting interface.
4. Select the channel to be assigned, and a prompt window will appear.
5. Use an appropriate tool to press the K1, K2, K3 or K4 button on the FS-CEV04 to assign the selected channel to C1, C2, C3 or C4.
6. After successful assignment, the prompt window will be displayed on the interface; then short press the scroll wheel to exit.
7. Repeat the above steps as needed.

This section introduces the settings of some system functions. Access them via [Main Menu] > [System Menu] > [Setup].

Please refer to 4.4 Stick Cal for this function.

Used to set whether to enable the self-check prompt for the controls at startup and the failsafe prompt at startup. Both are enabled by default.

1. Select [Control self check prompt], short press the scroll wheel to switch [On] or [Off].
2. Select [FailsafePrompt], short press the scroll wheel to switch [On] or [Off].

To put the transmitter into the updating state. In case of updating the firmware of the transmitter, use this function to put the transmitter into updating mode first, then upgrade the transmitter's firmware.

The firmware can be updated in the following two ways: through the Flysky Assistant (the Flysky Assistant is available on the Flysky official website www.flysky-cn.com), or by following the steps below:

1. Download and open the latest official firmware.
2. Connect the transmitter to the computer via the USB Type-C cable.
3. Go to Home > Main Menu > System Menu, select Firmware Update, then short press the scroll wheel; a prompt screen will pop up, select Yes and short press the scroll wheel to enter the updating state.
4. After completing the above steps, click Update in the firmware window on the computer to start the update.
5. The transmitter will power on again when the updating process is finished. Then remove the USB Type-C cable and close the firmware.

Used to restore all settings and parameters of the transmitter; that is, all model data and settings are restored to their default state.

Setup: Select [Reset]; the system displays a pop-up window, select [Yes] to complete.

This function interface provides the product's manual, as well as the official website, Facebook, YouTube and X (Twitter). Users can choose the corresponding QR code as needed and scan it to view the information.

This function contains basic information such as product name, firmware version, version date, hardware and RF library version.

If the function does not require switch control, it can be set to "--", at which point the function will always be disabled. Alternatively, it can be set to an active state, in which case the function will always be enabled. In the execution of the trainer function, the switching state of the student transmitter can be set through this function.

1. Enter the Switch Allocation interface.
2. Select [ON] or [--].
3. Select "--" to cancel the switch if a physical control on the transmitter is assigned.

Note: Action switches do not support the setting of Normal ON or Normal OFF.

For two-position and three-position switches, you can set any position to On or Off.

1. Enter the Switch Allocation interface.
2. Scroll the wheel as needed to select the appropriate control or toggle the corresponding control, such as SWC, then short press the scroll wheel.
3. Scroll the wheel to select any position of [ON] or [OFF], set the ON/OFF state of this position.

Notes:

1. All switches starting with "SW" are position switches.
2. For the Timer and Sensor this switch function is an "Action Switch": the action of switching from the "OFF" position to the "ON" position is a valid action, and the function is a one-time switch.

For continuous controls such as a stick or knob, the ON or OFF position can be set more flexibly according to different setting types.

• Line / Sym.: short press the scroll wheel to toggle between Line (linear) and Sym. (symmetric).
• Hys. / Box: short press the scroll wheel to toggle between Hys. (hysteresis) and Box.
• Post. / Reve.: short press the scroll wheel to toggle between positive and reverse.
• The triangle marks the present position of the control.
• The first value shows the position of ON; short press the scroll wheel to set the present position of the control to ON. The second value shows the position of OFF; short press the scroll wheel to set the present position of the control to OFF.
• The control status display area shows the switch state: green means ON, red means OFF, yellow means Hys. (hysteretic).

Linear/Symmetric mode

[Line]: sets the ON or OFF position separately for the whole control travel. [Sym.]: sets the ON or OFF position symmetrically for the upper part or the lower part with the neutral point as the reference. You can switch the ON or OFF position by Posit. (positive) or Reve. (reverse).

Taking the Post. switch state as an example (the reverse state is set the same way):

1. Enter the Switch Allocation interface.
2. Scroll the wheel as needed to select the appropriate control or toggle the corresponding control, such as VRD, then short press the scroll wheel.
3. Select [Line] to switch the type.
4. Set the switch status to [Post.].
5. Turn the VRD to a suitable position, select the first function box to the right of the control status display area, and short press the scroll wheel to set this position to "On".
6. Turn the VRD to a suitable position, select the second function box to the right of the control status display area, and short press the scroll wheel to set this position to "Off".

Hysteresis/Box mode

[Hys.]: sets the border for ON or OFF only. You can set the hysteresis interval (yellow) for the border. When the control position is in the hysteresis interval, the previous state is kept. [Box]: Box has no hysteresis interval. You can set 2 border values for the on/off area. When the switch is outside this area, the switch state is opposite to the state inside this area. You can switch the ON or OFF position by Posit. or Reve.

1. Enter the Switch Allocation interface.
2. Scroll the wheel as needed to select the appropriate control or toggle the corresponding control, such as VRD, then short press the scroll wheel.
3. Select [Hys.] to switch the type.
4. Set the switch status to [Post.].
5. Turn the VRD to a suitable position, select the first function box to the right of the control status display area, and short press the scroll wheel to set this position to "On".
6. Turn the VRD to a suitable position, select the second function box to the right of the control status display area, and short press the scroll wheel to set this position to "Off".

For this type of button, you can set two states: On and Off. The state is opposite when the button is pressed and when the button springs back.

1. Enter the Switch Allocation interface.
2. Scroll the wheel as needed to select the appropriate control or toggle the corresponding control, such as K2, then short press the scroll wheel.
3. Scroll the wheel to select any position of [ON] or [OFF], set the ON/OFF state of this position.

Provides the interface for selecting logic switches. Users can preview the corresponding component switches and logical relations of the logic switches, and can select the preview box to enter the logic switch setting interface to reset the logic switches.

1. Enter the Switch Allocation interface.
2. Scroll the wheel to select [LSW]; a pop-up screen appears, choose the logic switch you want to set, then short press the scroll wheel to save the settings.

The FS-ST16 transmitter comes with a smooth (non-ratchet) throttle plate out of the factory. If you want to use a ratchet throttle plate, please follow the steps below to replace it.

1. Remove the battery cover and the left and right grip soft rubber.
2. Use a hexagonal screwdriver to remove the 7 screws that secure the back cover.
3. Separate the front cover from the back cover.

1. First, remove the 2 screws shown in the diagram, and then take out the throttle plate.
2. Install the ratchet throttle plate. Make sure that the bent positioning end of the plate is installed on the end with the positioning slot, and ensure it is properly installed, i.e., the screw should be tightened. The tension of the other end of the plate can be adjusted according to personal preference.
3. Reattach the transmitter's back cover, tighten the screws, and reinstall the left and right grip soft rubber.

Follow these steps to change a non-centering stick to a centering stick.

1. Refer to the steps in 16.1 Replace the Throttle Plate to remove the transmitter's back cover.
2. Taking the left stick as an example, turn the corresponding screw counterclockwise with a Phillips screwdriver to increase the spring pressure for centering, which will change the stick to the centering state. Conversely, turning the corresponding screw clockwise will change the stick to the non-centering state. Note: Please be cautious with the adjustment force; if the screw is too loose, it may fall out.
3. If necessary, you can adjust the screw shown in the diagram while moving the throttle stick.
4. Reattach the transmitter's back cover, tighten the screws, and reinstall the left and right grip soft rubber.

Note: After completing the above steps, please refer to 4.4 Stick Cal to calibrate the stick.

You can use the mobile bracket to mount devices such as smartphones onto the transmitter.

Mobile bracket introduction: the angle of the bracket can be adjusted by rotating as shown in the diagram. Adjust the slider distance by turning the knob. Secure the adjusted angle with the nut.

Mobile bracket installation steps:

1. Insert the mobile bracket into the transmitter's mobile bracket slot.
2. Secure the mobile bracket with a nut.
3. After completion, it should look like the diagram shown.

Steps for securing a smartphone with the mobile bracket:

1. Turn the knob that secures the slider counterclockwise until it loosens, then slide the slider of the mobile bracket to the desired position.
2. Place the smartphone or other device in the center of the bracket, ensuring balance on both sides to prevent the device from falling off due to the display being skewed to the left or right.
3. Adjust the slider distance and tighten the knob to secure the mobile device in place.

This transmitter comes with a Hall gimbal assembly by default. If you want to replace it with a potentiometer version gimbal assembly, follow these steps to secure it onto the transmitter.

1. Refer to the steps in 16.1 Replace the Throttle Plate to remove the transmitter's back cover.
2. First, carefully remove the VRC and VRD knobs, then unplug the gimbal assembly connection cable from the transmitter's mainboard. After that, use a Phillips screwdriver to remove the 8 screws, and finally, carefully remove the Hall gimbal assembly. A: USART and SPI connections for the gimbal assembly; B: USART connection between the gimbal assembly and the transmitter's mainboard.
3. As shown in the diagram, first place the potentiometer gimbal assembly on the transmitter and tighten the 8 screws with a Phillips screwdriver. Then connect the gimbal assembly to the transmitter's mainboard, and finally install the VRC and VRD knobs. C: Connection between the gimbal assembly and the transmitter's mainboard.
4. Reattach the transmitter's back cover, tighten the screws, and reinstall the left and right grip soft rubber.

If you have purchased the 2.4G antenna assembly (inner screw, inner hole), the installation procedure is described below.

1. Refer to the steps in 16.1 Replace the Throttle Plate to remove the transmitter's back cover.
2. Pull the antenna out in the direction of the arrow and rotate it by 90 degrees.
3. Remove the rubber stopper.
4. Insert the outer-threaded, inner-pin end of the IPEX-to-SMA adapter cable into the corresponding position as shown, and secure the hexagonal nut at the end. Clamp the IPEX end of the adapter cable onto the antenna seat on the mainboard and press firmly.
5. As shown in the diagram, place the star washer and spring washer in sequence, then screw in the hexagonal nut, and finally tighten the antenna post.

1. After completion, close the back cover. Please ensure that the terminal contacts of the wires are good. Be careful to adjust the position of the wires when closing the cover to avoid them being pinched.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Warning: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Hereby, ShenZhen FLYSKY Technology Co., Ltd. declares that the radio equipment type FS-ST16 is in compliance with Directive 2014/53/EU. The full text of the EU declaration of conformity is available at the following internet address: www.flyskytech.com/info_detail/10.html

Old electrical appliances must not be disposed of together with the residual waste, but have to be disposed of separately. Disposal at the communal collecting point by private persons is free of charge. The owner of old appliances is responsible for bringing the appliances to these collecting points or to similar collection points. With this little personal effort, you contribute to recycling valuable raw materials and the treatment of toxic substances.

This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. These requirements set a SAR limit of 4 W/kg averaged per ten grams of tissue. The highest SAR value is reported under this standard during product certification for use when properly worn on the limbs.

This equipment complies with Directive 2014/53/EU radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. The end user must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

The portable device is designed to meet the requirements for exposure to radio waves established by the European Union market (France). These requirements set a SAR limit of 4 W/kg averaged over ten grams of tissue. The highest SAR value reported under this standard during product certification for use when properly worn on the limbs is 1.149 W/kg.

The radiated output power of this device is below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the device should be used in such a manner that the potential for human contact is minimized during normal operation. The exposure standard for wireless devices employs a unit of measurement known as the Specific Absorption Rate, or SAR. The SAR limit set by the FCC is 1.6 W/kg. Tests for SAR are conducted using standard operating positions accepted by the FCC with the device transmitting at its highest certified power level in all tested frequency bands. Although the SAR is determined at the highest certified power level, the actual SAR level of the device while operating can be well below the maximum value. This is because the device is designed to operate at multiple power levels so as to use only the power required to reach the network. In general, the closer you are to a wireless base station antenna, the lower the power output. To avoid the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human proximity to the antenna should be minimized.

For body-worn operation, this model has been tested and meets the FCC RF exposure guidelines when used with an accessory designated for this product or when used with an accessory that contains no metal and that positions the device a minimum of 0 mm from the body. The maximum SAR value is 1.509 W/kg when the device is used 0 mm from the user.

Figures and illustrations in this manual are provided for reference only and may differ from the actual product appearance. Product design and specifications may be changed without notice.